As it has been previously mentioned at the very beginning of this section. Translation and crosscultural adaptation of hearing. Research article open access cross cultural translation, adaptation and validation of a japanese version of the functional index for hand osteoarthritis jfihoa yasunobu nakagawa1, shigeru kurimoto1, emmanuel maheu2, yuichiro matsui3, yuri kanno4, kunitaka menuki5. Culture translation helps to know the variety of worship of different cultures. Pdf understanding the language, the culture, and the. Translation of the english original lysholm knee score followed previously published guidelines 19, 20. According to this model, a bilingual person translates the instrument. The integrated palliative care outcome scale ipos was developed for evaluating essential outcomes for palliative care patients. The prefinal version was tested for clarity and comprehensibility by 34. Psychology of translation in crosscultural interaction.
The relevance of crosscultural adaptation and clinimetrics. In studies of fecal and urinary incontinence, crosscultural research has been applied to qualityoflife comparisons, and instruments have been translated to foreign languages for use in other countries. Taking its cue from two specific examples particular terms used by aristotle and by yan fu the first part of this article rehearses the hermeneutic question of crosscultural understanding but gears the discussion to the specific issues of the complicity of translation in crosscultural understanding, whether in an historical or an anthropological sense, and of the need to inspect critically. Assessing the level of public stroke awareness is a prerequisite for development of community educational campaigns aimed at reducing prehospital delay of stroke patients. Every translation activity has one or more specific purposes and whichever they may be, the main aim of translation is to serve as a crosscultural bimultilingual communication vehicle among people. There are many approaches to measuring stress and in any given study it is important to consider conceptual. Crosscultural translation article pdf available in journal of crosscultural psychology 254. Back translation and other translation techniques in cross cultural research. We serve cross cultural communications clients around the globe with translations, since files can be affordably processed and distributed world wide. Ebp2 was translated and crossculturally adapted using.
Propositions on crosscultural communication and translation. To obtain a crosscultural translation of the gfq into spanish and catalan. Translation and content analysis of oral and written material. Translation in crosscultural research international journal of. A crosscultural perspective on production and reception of. According to the guidelines for the process of crosscultural adaptation of selfreport measures the visaa score was crossculturally adapted into german visaag in six steps. The aim of this article is to describe a formal process used to translate research study materials from english into traditional chinese characters. Translation the crosscultural communication translation blog.
Crosscultural translation, adaptation and validation of a. The goal of crosscultural translation is to achieve equivalence between two different languages. The seven steps are defined, and examples of results. Thus, translation is a tool for communication between diverse cultures and people of. Understanding the language, the culture, and the experience. This cross cultural technique has seven steps and insures that the instrument will provide data that are valid and reliable in the targeted population. As marketers attempt to better understand and serve the needs of the global consumer, they face a culturally diverse population. This studys objective was to develop a crosscultural adaptation of the eightitem version of the drugtaking confidence questionnaire dtcq8 for all drugs except alcohol and to verify its content validity and. Taking its cue from two specific examples particular terms used by aristotle and by yan fu the first part of this article rehearses the hermeneutic question of cross cultural understanding but gears the discussion to the specific issues of the complicity of translation in cross cultural understanding, whether in an historical or an anthropological sense, and of the need to inspect critically. The evidencebased practice profile ebp2 questionnaire assesses students selfreported knowledge, behaviour and attitudes related to evidencebased practice.
Crosscultural research and backtranslation the sport. Translation and cross cultural adaptation the item and conceptual equivalence were simultaneously evaluated by a panel consisting of three competent evaluators. May 18, 2016 the drugtaking confidence questionnaire evaluates a drug users confidence in his or her ability to resist the urge to consume psychoactive substances in highrisk situations. The drugtaking confidence questionnaire evaluates a drug users confidence in his or her ability to resist the urge to consume psychoactive substances in highrisk situations. Crosscultural translation studies as thick translation. Crosscultural marketing is becoming important, find out why. The standardized translation process followed international guidelines. This will contribute to strengthen awareness of cross cultural in english translation and makes the ordinary people to have a better realize of various works around the word. Objectives we aimed to translate and cross culturally validate the psfs to nepali and further assess its psychometric properties. We serve cross cultural communications clients around the globe with translations, since files can. This study aimed to translate and crossculturally adapt the original english version of the midas to german and to test its reliability. The first option, called adoption, amounts to a close translation of an instrument in a target language. The patientspecific functional scale psfs is among the most commonly used measures to assess physical function. Bias is a generic term for any challenge of the comparability of cross cultural data.
Globe and cross cultural organizational culture analysis 1 definition and interpretation in cross cultural organizational culture research. Interestingly, and against most of the research in crosscultural psychology, choi and hans linguistic and cultural framework is not. We describe the process of translation and validation of the hebrew version of an american questionnaire for cross cultural comparisons of medical students attitudes toward preventive medical services. Original article cross cultural translation and adaptation. Selected essays on translation and crosscultural communication, edited by micaela munozcalvo and carmen buesagomez this book first published 2010 cambridge scholars publishing 12 back chapman street, newcastle upon tyne, ne6 2xx, uk british library cataloguing in publication data.
They are presented in fairly common language and as concisely as possible. Efficacy questionnaire into arabic and subsequently evaluate the psychometric properties of that translation in a population of arabic patients. Translation is an activity of enormous importance in the modern world and has become an established area in language studies, being the main criterion for achieving. Cultural boundaries in translation biblioteca unirioja. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the translation process. To obtain a cross cultural translation of the gfq into spanish and catalan and to assess the structural properties of the translated versions. Commerce of differen t goods by the traders created new paths of cultural interactions among different lands. Initial translation from english to german forward translation was performed by three independent translators with german mother tongue. This paper reports the translation of the perceived stress scale pss from english to japanese and equivalence assessment between the original pss and the translated version pssj for use in a cross cultural study of occupational stress amongst trainee health professionals. Ensuring crosscultural equivalence in translation of. The brislin model for instrument translation is a wellknown method for crosscultural research brislin, 1970. According to the guidelines for the process of cross cultural adaptation of selfreport measures the visaa score was cross culturally adapted into german visaag using six steps. Translation and validation of study instruments for crosscultural. Article pdf available january 2005 with 1,364 reads.
Understanding culture as it is manifested across societies is a difficult undertaking, as is. Translation and cross cultural adaptation of hearing handicap inventory for the elderly screening hhies in the bilingual singapore population a pilot study volume supplement eu chin ho, deborah lim, seth yeak. The problem respond matrix showed that eleven items were unclear or challenging to understand the matrix is available on request. Our objectives here are to describe the process of a sixphase crosscultural adaptation of ipos to french iposfr, highlight the difficulties encountered and strategies to solve them, and discuss the implications that adaptation may have on the validity and. The results provide evidence to support the validity of the hebrew instrument for cross cultural comparisons. Crosscultural translation of the lysholm knee score in. Translating questionnaires and inventories using a crosscultural translation technique in journal of teaching in physical education. The fcq already counts with applications from over 40 countries and its translation into more than 20 languages. The migraine disability assessment midas is a brief questionnaire and measures headacherelated disability. Crosscultural research often involves physicians, nurses, and other health care providers. Recommendations for the crosscultural adaptation of the. The prime cause of cultural translation is the movement of people subjects rather than the movement of texts objects. According to this model, a bilingual person translates the instrument from its original language into the target. Bias and equivalence in cross cultural research abstract bias and equivalence are key concepts in the methodology of cross cultural studies.
A sixstep procedure including forward and backward translations, consensus, and cultural and linguistic validation was performed for both languages. Cross cultural research has specific methodological problems, most relating to translation quality and the comparability of results in different cultural and ethnic groups. Translation studies as a discipline has only evolved over the last three decades. Crosscultural adaptation and validation of the nepali. This means the opportunities for cultural missteps in marketing are also on the rise. Nov 25, 2016 translation is not only a linguistic act. Backtranslation for crosscultural research richard w. We know that translation plays an important role of crossing through different cultures and communication. To promote more open discussion on translating data, this paper aims to provide a critical and reflexive evaluation of the problems and issues that the author experienced with regard to qualitative data translation. To create a translated version of the hoos to fit the italian population and to test its psychometric properties and validity in hip osteoarthritis oa patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty tha. The study was approved by the local ethics committee.
These technical traps may lead to erroneous research conclusions that, although due to methodological flaws, are undetectable as such and considered to be substantive in nature. Open access this is an open access article distributed under the cc bync license. Challenges of crosscultural translation in the arabic versions of. The stroke action test stat is a validated instrument specifically developed in the united states with the objective to assess the publics readiness to respond to stroke.
Few guidelines or standards have been established in psychology for the translation and cultural adaptation of instruments. This research note presents a methodology developed by vallerand 1989 in the psychological field that translates and validates questionnaires and inventories developed for a specific culture. The brislin model for instrument translation is a wellknown method for cross cultural research brislin, 1970. Focuses on the issue of survey translation and different translation alternatives available to researchers. Taking its cue from two specific examples particular terms used by aristotle and by yan fu the first part of this article rehearses the hermeneutic question of crosscultural understanding but gears the discussion to the specific issues of the complicity of translation in crosscultural understanding, whether in an historical or an anthropological sense, and of the need to inspect. Translation and crosscultural adaption the forwardbackward translation was repeated three times before arriving at an acceptable version.
Ensuring crosscultural equivalence in translation of research. The following are propositions designed to connect a few ideas about cross cultural communication. Pdf a study of crosscultural translation researchgate. The focus is on cultural processes rather than products. Translation and crosscultural adaptation of hearing handicap.
The supposed neutrality of translation belies principal points of political contention and cultural conflict. Pdf translating questionnaires for crosscultural research is fraught with methodological. Translation of interviews from a source language to a. Translation of interviews from a source language to a target. We serve cross cultural communities in western washington with qualified and certified interpreters specializing in medical, social, court, and other areas of focus. Every translation activity has one or more specific purposes and whichever they may be, the main aim of translation is to serve as a cross cultural bimultilingual communication vehicle among people. Thus translation obviously is a crosscultural communication.
This paper examines how far the evolution of translation theory has managed or failed to cope with the special circumstances of advertising translation. To illustrate the process we will presume that an english language questionnaire, originally developed in australia, is being adapted for use in brazil. A cross cultural perspective on production and reception of disneys mulan through its chinese subtitles. The gut feelings questionnaire gfq is the only tool developed to assess the presence of a sense of alarm or a sense of reassurance in the diagnostic process of general practitioners gps. Backtranslation and other translation techniques in crosscultural research. Oct 19, 2016 translation and cross cultural adaptation.
Bias and equivalence in crosscultural research abstract. Globe and crosscultural organizational culture analysis 1 definition and interpretation in crosscultural organizational culture research. Give advantages of the source language cultures a proper translation makes the reader to ponder over the cultural context of the source language. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Crosscultural adaptation of the drugtaking confidence. The aim of this study was to translate and crossculturally adapt ebp2 into norwegian and to evaluate the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the norwegian version. Translation and validation of study instruments for cross.
Usually little is reported in research publications about the translation and adaptation process thus. If you want to target different cultures with crosscultural marketing, its critical to understand that certain things you say or do may not be received in the way you intend. Translation, crosscultural adaptation and reliability of. This option is the most frequently chosen in empirical research because it is simple to implement, cheap, has a. The case example presented in this article illustrates how one might go about generating a valid translation of a questionnaire with the use of current crosscultural research guidelines for the translation process. While violations of strict neutrality are committed all the time, either consciously or unconsciously, when complex emotions, attitudes. Translation, crosscultural adaption and measurement.
Translation and crosscultural adaptation of assessment. Cultural difficulties in translations from english into arabic roxana s mares. Translation in crosscultural research article pdf available in the international journal of qualitative methods 115. A crosscultural perspective on production and reception of disneys mulan through its chinese subtitles. Paper to be submitted to the international journal of psychology, 1970. This article discusses the influence of cultural differences on translationa crosscultural communication event. Cultural diversity, translation theory, cultural values. Translation in crosscultural research sage journals. The translation of advertising was almost completely overlooked by translation studies for many years.
Translation and crosscultural adaptation the item and conceptual equivalence were simultaneously evaluated by a panel consisting of three competent evaluators. Thus translation obviously is a cross cultural communication. A crosscultural perspective on production and reception. This paper reports the translation of the perceived stress scale pss from english to japanese and equivalence assessment between the original pss and the translated version pssj for use in a crosscultural study of occupational stress amongst trainee health professionals. Crosscultural translation and validation of the gut. Muslim pray in masque, christian in church, jewish in synagogue or celebrating christmas day has been expanded. This is what makes of translation one of the most demanding and intellectually difficult tasks. Translation and crosscultural adaptation of hearing handicap inventory for the elderly screening hhies in the bilingual singapore population a pilot study volume supplement eu chin ho, deborah lim, seth yeak. Cultural translation can be understood as a process in which there is no start text and usually no. Consequently, only when the possible factors that could potentially influence the results of the crosscultural studies are identified and remedied can researchers ensure the accuracy of the crosscultural research.
The goal of cross cultural translation is to achieve equivalence between two different languages. This report presents some of the principal methodological issues and problems associated with. Translational attitude varies from culture to culture, and different underlying assumptions about how translation functions merit careful attention. Crosscultural research and backtranslation the sport journal. Problems of translation in crosscultural research lee. Crosscultural adaptation and validation of the italian. Generating a valid questionnaire translation for cross. Translating questionnaires and inventories using a cross. When conducting research with different cultural groups, it is necessary to utilize culturally and linguistically appropriate instruments to measure various. This crosscultural technique has seven steps and insures that the instrument will provide data that are valid and reliable in the targeted population. The following are propositions designed to connect a few ideas about crosscultural communication.
Crosscultural translation article pdf available in journal of cross cultural psychology 254. In studies of fecal and urinary incontinence, crosscultural research has been applied to qualityoflife comparisons, and in struments have been translated to. It was created in dutch and english and has validated versions in french, german and polish. Research on crosscultural factors in business english. The case example presented in this article illustrates how one might go about generating a valid translation of a questionnaire with the use of current cross. At other times, participants unexpectedly run into some turbulence and things dont go as well as planned. To obtain a cross cultural translation of the gfq into spanish and catalan. Understanding culture as it is manifested across societies is a difficult undertaking, as is reflected in the wealth of literature on the topic.
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